…abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease…

…with inflammatory rheumatic disease have a higher cardiovascular risk than the general population. This excess risk has been documented across a broad range of conditions…

…ACE) inhibitors are foundational therapies in cardiovascular medicine, widely utilized for the management of hypertension, chronic ischemic heart disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction …

…be considered. Effective lipid lowering improves survival and reduces cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease irrespective of the baseline cholesterol concentration. Intensive statin…

…atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. The broader therapeutic principle is that LDL C reduction is associated with cardiovascular benefit regardless of the…

…that requires careful differentiation from ischemic heart disease [1], [2]. 1. Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) Pain Characteristics: GERD is listed as a differential diagnosis for chest…

…is not caused by the passive deposition of lipids into the coronary artery walls; indeed, atherosclerosis is a disease in which the immune system elicits…

…°C. The outer limit of the ice front is only at 0 °C — the lethal temperature lies some way inside the visible ice front , and…

…per particle or unit of cholesterol than LDL cholesterol. Clinical implications High Lp(a) is independently associated with first and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events…

…neutrophil chemotaxis toward inflammatory sites. Its cardiovascular effects therefore appear to reflect modulation of vascular inflammation rather than lipid lowering. Other anti inflammatory strategies have…