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Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…nerves of the forearm and the dorsum of the hand. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with…

Wound suturing

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…30 days if left untreated. Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina is very similar: both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions …

Pericardiocentesis

…syringes, a three way tap. A Seldinger set with a guidewire, a dilator and a 5–8 F pigtail catheter , plus a drainage bag. Sample…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…the woman's left side (Figure 1). Additional offloading of the vena cava can be accomplished using a wedge board (or any hard material) to…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop…

Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

…with left ventricular dilation. This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy , can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of…

Mitral regurgitation

…may also lead to left ventricular dilation, which is referred to as ischemic cardiomyopathy (Dilated Cardiomyopathy). Ventricular dilation leads to dilation of the mitral annulus…

Mitral valve stenosis

…leads to atrial hypertrophy and dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate…

Aortic regurgitation

…the left ventricle hypertrophic? Is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) normal? A normal sized ventricle with hyperdynamic contractility suggests acute aortic regurgitation. The severity of…

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