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Wound suturing

…heal with good function or cosmesis without apposition. A wound that bleeds because the edges are held apart. A wound through the full thickness of…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…abnormal repolarization. These T wave inversions are symmetric with varying depth. They may be gigantic (10 mm or more) or less than 1 mm. Negative…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…Artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps, scissors, a needle holder. Sutures: 5 0 or 6 0 non absorbable for the face, 4 0 for the trunk…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement, the ECG cannot differentiate dilatation from hypertrophy…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…in persons who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those with LAFB, however, have significant heart disease. Myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…is caused by a complete coronary artery occlusion, which results in the complete stop of blood flow and thus more extensive myocardial ischemia (referred to…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…gives a shorter duration of effect. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL. Needles: 21–25 G, 40 mm for subacromial and trochanteric…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…4 g × 4 IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or doxycycline 200 mg × 1…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…the management of heart failure, digoxin improves hemodynamics without increasing heart rate or decreasing blood pressure, making it a consideration for patients with low blood…

Interpretation of Pacemaker ECG

…pacemaker function requires knowledge of the mode of pacing, and careful analysis of ECG tracings. Most modern devices are capable of transmitting ECG tracings continuously…

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