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Wound suturing

…artery forceps, a size 15 scalpel. Local anaesthetic, suture material, scissors, dressings. Local anaesthesia Agent Onset Duration Comment : : : : Lidocaine 10 mg/mL Rapid 1–2…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…longer duration; it is safe even on the fingers, toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…a common cause (Figure 1). The duration of the P wave will exceed 120 milliseconds in lead II. Biatrial abnormality/enlargement Biatrial abnormality implies that…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…water soluble and short acting, not a depot preparation, and gives a shorter duration of effect. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL…

The T-wave: physiology, variants and ECG features

…and symmetric. Their duration is short; they typically disappear within minutes after a total occlusion in a coronary artery occurs (then of course, the ST…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…by the fact that NSTEMI and unstable angina are caused by partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions; a partial occlusion results in a reduction of coronary…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…in persons who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those with LAFB, however, have significant heart disease. Myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick reference for dosing in impaired renal function. Respiratory tract Diagnosis Agent Dose Duration …

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients, the sinus rate and P wave duration are minimally changed. The sinus rate…

Interpretation of Pacemaker ECG

…pacing yields wide QRS complexes with LBBB morphology (i.e left bundle branch block appearance). This is explained by the fact that, as in LBBB…

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