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Short Synacthen test

…steroid that cross reacts in the cortisol assay, whether the samples were taken at the right times, and whether you know which decision threshold your…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…and age dependent, and the severity and manifestations of disease may differ substantially among carriers. Consequently, a normal examination or cardiac investigation at one point…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Variable, often deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin Hyperpigmentation, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, eczema Pale…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…pads would go. Transvenous pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site, known thrombosis…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…• Relative contraindications are ileus, glaucoma. Isoprenaline / Isoproterenol α 1, α 2, β 1, β 2 agonist Start infusion at 4 μg/min and titrate…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…of accumulation and the compliance of the pericardium. Rapid accumulation may cause tamponade with a relatively small volume, whereas a slowly enlarging effusion may reach…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…LDL C. Statin therapy also produces a modest, dose dependent reduction in triglycerides. The benefit of statins extends beyond angiographic reduction of coronary obstruction. Intensive…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…the pulmonary valve into the main pulmonary artery. Depending on the size and form of the thrombus, it will occlude the main pulmonary artery or…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…first Blood pressure 200/110 mmHg at rest Treat first Electrolyte disturbance Correct Second or third degree AV block Depending on the indication Marked anaemia…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…Device function and battery status. Whether the patient is pacemaker dependent. Whether the device has been recently interrogated and whether any malfunction has been identified…

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