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Articles
Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…filling of the chambers when the volumes become too large. Thus, the pericardium is considered to contribute to the fact that the ventricles are not…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…autopsies are often not performed due to the high costs. The difficulties in determining the cause of out of hospital cardiac arrest are reflected in…

The chain of survival in sudden cardiac arrest

…of survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest. Although the required skills, complexity and costs of interventions increase with each step in the chain of…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…costs approximately $10 (10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Importantly, the ECG findings dictate the management of…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…and costs at 140/90 mm Hg. However, it may be argued that this cutoff is somewhat arbitrary and there may be individual benefits of…

🚫 Download the Pocket Guide to ECG Interpretation (PDF)

…methodological ECG interpretation. We recommend this approach as it minimizes the risk of missing important abnormalities and also speeds up the ECG interpretation. Press the…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage meeting the criteria for activation of the massive transfusion protocol…

Casting and immobilisation

…the patient does not feel the pressure sore. Preparation and equipment Material Comment : : Stockinette Innermost against the skin, protects against the edges of the cast…

Lumbar puncture

…suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced level of consciousness, focal neurological signs or seizures — because the delay costs more than the scan contributes…

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