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Pericardiocentesis

…sedation and positive pressure ventilation before decompression where possible: anaesthesia and intubation can precipitate circulatory collapse in a tamponaded patient , since positive airway pressure further…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…compressions. While ETCO 2 is optimally measured in tracheal tubes, it can also be gauged through supraglottic airway devices and Rubens' tubes. Following ROSC, ETCO…

Edrophonium test

…the test must therefore never be performed without atropine, ECG monitoring and access to airway support. Indications Clinically suspected myasthenia gravis in a patient with…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…Monitor the saturation, respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate and a continuous ECG. Establish two intravenous cannulae where possible. Use intraosseous access if intravenous access…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…Cycle ergometer with a braked, workload controlled resistance; 12 lead ECG with continuous recording; automated or manual blood pressure measurement. Resuscitation trolley with defibrillator, oxygen…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…the start of the vasopressor. Time Action : : 0 to 5 min ABCDE, continuous monitoring, activate the sepsis pathway according to local practice, oxygen if hypoxaemic…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…red cells within 1 hour. An actual requirement of more than 3 units of red cells during any continuous hour. This corresponds to the so…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog ECG A deep learning ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death: what the new Nature study shows Low risk (blue…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

Continous medical discussion: the ECG blog ECG Early repolarization pattern: confused J points, notches and slurs I once had the privilige of attending a lecture…

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