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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…lesions can cause acute severe regurgitation, a left to right shunt, tamponade, or sudden loss of effective cardiac output. Their recognition is essential because treatment…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…and tissue inflammation produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow, structural and functional microvascular impairment persists despite restoration of epicardial flow…

Traumatic cardiac arrest

…Chest compressions in traumatic cardiac arrest In the context of cardiac tamponade, increased pressure within the pericardial sac impedes venous return to the right atrium…

The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

…cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose of CPR is to create large variations in intrathoracic pressure by compressing, decompressing and ventilating…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation (and thus ventricular filling). This may even lead to compression of the ventricles during…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…The increased pressure causes compression of the atria and the ventricles (particularly the former). Even small pressure elevations on the right side can compromise venous…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…It generally results from accumulation of pericardial fluid, blood, or, less commonly, a mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…In patients with pericarditis complicated by constriction, symptoms and signs of right sided heart failure may predominate. Pericardial effusions associated with post infarction pericarditis are…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can result…

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