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Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…a byproduct of aerobic metabolism, is transported from the tissues back to the lungs where it is exhaled. The final partial pressure of carbon dioxide…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation (and thus ventricular filling). This may even lead to compression of the ventricles during…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…interstitial edema, and tissue inflammation promote extravascular compression, exacerbating myocardial injury. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms In up to one half of STEMI cases, a precipitating…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…obstruction may persist despite successful PCI because of endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte and platelet interaction, distal thrombotic debris, cardiomyocyte swelling, interstitial edema, and inflammatory extravascular compression…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…and tissue inflammation produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow, structural and functional microvascular impairment persists despite restoration of epicardial flow…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…ventricle are compressed, with elevation of their diastolic pressures. Right sided filling becomes increasingly dependent on the fall in intrathoracic pressure during inspiration. The inspiratory…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…ongoing compression therapy, and always in the event of new or increasing pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle brachial index, blood pressure cuff…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Continued bleeding despite compression and cautery (packing). Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of bleeding cannot be identified Relative A pacemaker or ICD when…

The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

…cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose of CPR is to create large variations in intrathoracic pressure by compressing, decompressing and ventilating…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…patient from tolerating compression. Preparation and equipment Equipment: a handheld Doppler probe 5–10 MHz, ultrasound gel, a blood pressure cuff of the correct size…

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