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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…level. Physical examination can identify a large aneurysm as a palpable, pulsatile, expansile mass, although absence of a palpable abnormality does not exclude AAA. Plain…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when appropriate, immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Complications are…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes — the wound may not…

Mitral regurgitation

…muscle rupture. The risk of rupture is greater for the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…myocardial infarction is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common initiating mechanism is rupture or erosion of a vulnerable (unstable) atherosclerotic…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…a growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of…

Heart failure: Introduction

…a growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…a normal finding. The regurgitation results in blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause of…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…membrane — not routinely . The wax has a protective function, and the commonest complication of ear syringing is that someone syringes an ear that did not…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…destabilization of these lesions, a process known as atherothrombosis [2] . Atherothrombosis represents the acute, life threatening complication of coronary atherosclerosis. The transition from a quiescent…

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