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Central venous catheter

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

Risk factors for sudden cardiac arrest

…arteries or in heart muscle. In other words, the heart today is anatomically the same as it was yesterday except that an electrical charge developed…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…patients with valve prostheses or other cardiac devices (pacemaker, CRT, ICD). In addition to staphylococcus aureus , hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci cause acute endocarditis. Other microorganisms…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…sputum purulence, the other cardinal symptoms and the severity of the illness. 7. Start NIV without undue delay in persistent hypercapnic respiratory acidosis, if invasive…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the symptoms…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so, that are provoked by a change of position — turning over in bed, lying down, standing up…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…or silent STEMIs is greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and increases with age. STEMI may present as sudden onset breathlessness. Other less common presentations…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…patients with recent changes in symptoms or clinical signs, with or without diagnostic electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow…

Hypertensive crisis: drugs and doses

…not routinely marketed in Sweden and may require a named patient licence, among them clevidipine, nicardipine, fenoldopam, enalaprilat, phentolamine and sodium nitroprusside. Availability may change…

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