…discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department…

…and infarction Definition and clinical rationale Stable angina, or chronic chest pain attributable to suspected chronic coronary syndrome, is evaluated by estimating the likelihood of…

…and lasts longer. The pain usually involves the central portion of the chest or the epigastrium and occasionally radiates to the arms. Less common sites…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

…Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent…

…Nystagmus that is purely vertical, downbeating or direction changing Central cause Nystagmus without latency that does not fatigue Central cause New headache, neck pain, diplopia…

…2. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis…

…assessment remain central. Diagnostic Strategy Initial 12 lead ECG The resting 12 lead ECG is the first line diagnostic test in suspected acute coronary syndrome…

…injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminases…

…of paramount importance. The primary concern in correcting hyponatremia is the prevention of osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), previously known as central pontine myelinolysis. Excessively rapid…