…deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin Hyperpigmentation, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, eczema Pale, hairless, atrophic…

…Mark the biopsy site. In an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally…

…cell carcinoma — these can be treated with cryotherapy by an experienced practitioner in selected cases, but surgery is the standard. Dark skin: a risk of…

…induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac…

…disease : Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and serotonin. In the heart, this can lead to thickening of…

…The regurgitation results in blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause of abnormal pulmonary regurgitation…

…1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the right ventricle. Dilatation of the right atrium…

…dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate backward to the pulmonary circulation…