Articles & courses

Articles
Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…A pot of 4 % formalin, and for immunofluorescence Michel's medium or saline according to local procedure. Photograph and draw in the site before the…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…three to six months during ongoing compression therapy, and always in the event of new or increasing pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is needed for management. Cryoglobulinaemia, cold agglutinin disease, cold urticaria. Relative: Basal cell carcinoma and…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac…

Pulmonary stenosis

…the right ventricle rises, which results in right ventricular hypertrophy. The valve is usually thickened and during systole leaflet doming appears. The proximal part of…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…The regurgitation results in blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole. The most common cause of abnormal pulmonary regurgitation…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…1). Carcinoid heart disease. Endocarditis (common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the right ventricle. Dilatation of the right atrium…

Mitral valve stenosis

…the right ventricle and right atrium, leading to right heart hypertrophy, dilation and ultimately right heart failure. Echocardiography in mitral stenosis Echocardiographic assessment of mitral…

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