Articles & courses

Articles
Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…A pot of 4 % formalin, and for immunofluorescence Michel's medium or saline according to local procedure. Photograph and draw in the site before the…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing but the ankle brachial…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is needed for management. Cryoglobulinaemia, cold agglutinin disease, cold urticaria. Relative: Basal cell carcinoma and squamous…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in…

Pulmonary stenosis

…disease : Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs due to carcinomas secreting kallikrein and serotonin. In the heart, this can lead to thickening of…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilation Pulmonary regurgitation results in right ventricular volume overload, which gradually causes right ventricular failure. The ventricle and…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…shaped appearance in short axis views. The increased pressure may also propagate back to the right atrium and venous system, resulting in dilation of vena…

Mitral valve stenosis

…leaflet of the mitral valve. The anterior leaflet is anatomically divided into three segments referred to as A1 (anterior segment), A2 (middle segment), and A3…

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