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Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…include paradoxical embolism (discussed below) and emboli from the proximal aorta. Stroke and TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) Ischemic stroke constitutes 87% of all stroke cases…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…objective assessment may include directly observed treatment or detection of prescribed medications in blood or urine samples. In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being the most common…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…Myocardial Infarction) Acute coronary syndromes with significant ST segment elevations are classified as STE ACS . Virtually all cases of STE ACS lead to myocardial infarction…

Epidemiological aspects of cardiac arrest

…a very strong predictor of survival. This is because cardiac arrest presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be defibrillated to…

The chain of survival in sudden cardiac arrest

…approximately 30% of all cases of OHCA in 1990, as compared with 78% of all cases in 2020. Figure 3. Rates of bystander CPR in…

Introduction to cardiac arrest

…the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care. Since the majority of all sudden cardiac arrests occur outside hospitals, the chain of care includes laymen…

🚫 Our friends

…Wave Maven includes over 500 ECG cases, all interpreted by experts in electrocardiology. Dr Smith's ECG blog This blog is one of the most…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…all patients with suspected CHD. Echocardiography provides detailed morphological and functional information. The vast majority of cases can be characterized by echocardiography. In comparison with…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…of: Malaise Fever Pericardial or chest discomfort Leukocytosis Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Pericardial effusion Pericardial pain is often sharp and pleuritic. It may worsen with…

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