Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

…of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the…

…the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began, whether they are continuous or…

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

…other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically and carefully without…

…perivalvular (adjacent to the valves), etc. Cardiac tumors cause nonspecific symptoms that depend on the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact…

…ECG definition. For decades it was believed that early repolarization was a benign condition, which is why the term benign early repolarization was coined. This…

…treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure…

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…

…the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with a condition which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of…

…sinus rate. Its principal therapeutic distinction from beta blockers is that it lowers heart rate without directly reducing myocardial contractility or altering vascular tone. Accordingly…

…perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not establish a benign diagnosis. ANOCA/INOCA is associated with recurrent symptoms…

…cause may range from benign to highly malignant, which is why expeditious management is warranted. Initial management includes assessing the patient's clinical status (symptoms…

…for decades, and it has been regarded as a benign form of ST segment elevation with slurring or notching at the J point. A notch…

…fascicular block, the myocardium without fascicular supply will depend on impulses spreading from other parts of the ventricle (where the fascicle is intact). Figure 1…

…Hypersensitivity. Electrolyte disturbances Hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia. Hypercalcemia. Benign causes Well trained athletes display bradycardia at rest. Bradycardia during sleep is considered normal. Tricyclic antidepressants : amitriptyline, amoxapine…

…pediatric patients, it is considered a benign finding. Generally, sinus arrhythmia is more pronounced in older children because they have a lower heart rate. Older…

…where cells in the AV junction establish an escape rhythm. This is asymptomatic and benign. ECG criteria for junctional rhythm Regular ventricular rhythm with rate…

…however, symptoms and ECG changes are manifest at rest because of the severe reduction of coronary flow caused by acute atherothrombosis. Table 1: Myocardial and…

…Adam Stokes attack . Causes of sinoatrial arrest/pause High vagal tone is benign and the most common cause of sinus arrest/pause. It commonly affects…

…toward them. A permanent pacemaker is generally indicated when reversible causes are absent and the patient is symptomatic or at risk of developing symptoms. The…

…beta blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons with sick sinus syndrome should receive an artificial pacemaker to reduce symptoms and increase function…

…once the exercise is stopped. Some experts believe that these ST segment depressions represent a benign form of subendocardial ischemia. Refer to Exercise Stress Testing…

…12 lead ECGs should be repeated every 5–10 minutes, while observing the patient's symptoms. ST segment return is quantified in the leads with…

…e multifocal ventricular complexes). In virtually all cases (particularly in myocardial ischemia) idioventricular rhythm is benign and does not demand treatment. It does not progress…