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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began, whether they are continuous or…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically and carefully without…

Cardiac tumors

…perivalvular (adjacent to the valves), etc. Cardiac tumors cause nonspecific symptoms that depend on the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…ECG definition. For decades it was believed that early repolarization was a benign condition, which is why the term benign early repolarization was coined. This…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with a condition which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of…

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