…Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on the…

…Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy…

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

…at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue about −50 °C. The…

…other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically and carefully without…

…benign. Among adults, most of them are myxomas and next papillary fibroelastoma is most common. Among children, rhabdomyoma is most common. Myxoma Myxoma is the…

…consensus definition of early repolarization has lead to variability in prevalence figures. Overall, prevalence estimates between 1% and 18% have been reported. In the consensus…

…holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of…

…which collectively dictate the urgency and modality of intervention [3] . By Duration: Non sustained VT (NSVT): Defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at…

…population (up to 90% of males aged 40 years or younger display this). Hence, the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern…

…observed. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia Treatment of inappropriate sinus tachycardia begins with assessment and management of reversible causes. Because the prognosis is described as benign, treatment…

…defined as no stenosis exceeding 50% diameter reduction and/or an FFR 0.80. Demonstration of reduced CFR and/or inducible microvascular spasm. The microvascular…

…is defined as the subjective perception of a rapid heart rate. These terms are often used interchangeably both in clinical practice and in the literature…

…The condition has been recognized for decades, and it has been regarded as a benign form of ST segment elevation with slurring or notching at…

…Isolated LAFB is considered a benign conduction defect. Roughly 7% of cases progress to bifascicular block (which means that the LAFB is accompanied by a…

…medication. It should be noted that the development of AV block upon instigation of beta blockers suggests concealed conduction disturbance in the AV system. Thus…

…in the activity of the autonomic nervous system and changes in the automaticity of the sinoatrial node. Rhythm Normal rhythm A rhythm is defined as…

…of spontaneous depolarization (i.e they display automaticity) and can therefore act as latent pacemakers (which become active when atrial impulses do not reach the…

…a benign form of ischemia located in the subendocardium during exercise; this manifests with ST segment depressions with upsloping ST segment during exercise but the…

…discharge an impulse within <2 seconds is defined as a sinoatrial pause. Refer to Figure 1 . Figure 1. Sinoatrial arrest. Also note the ST segment…

…limb lead II. Normal (physiological) causes of sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia (SB) is considered a normal finding in the following circumstances: During sleep . Well trained…

…any cause) Benign (physiological) causes of bradycardia (e.g. vasovagal reaction, well trained athletes) need not be treated. When in doubt whether the bradycardia is…

…mm and it resolves rapidly once the exercise is stopped. Some experts believe that these ST segment depressions represent a benign form of subendocardial ischemia…

…the earliest 4–6 hours after an episode of ischemia/infarction, but no later than 24 hours. However, T wave inversions following reperfusion develop within…

…wide simply because the ectopic impulses that cause these rhythms spread partially or entirely outside of the ventricular conduction system, and thus the ventricular depolarization…