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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on the…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue about −50 °C. The…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically and carefully without…

Cardiac tumors

…benign. Among adults, most of them are myxomas and next papillary fibroelastoma is most common. Among children, rhabdomyoma is most common. Myxoma Myxoma is the…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…consensus definition of early repolarization has lead to variability in prevalence figures. Overall, prevalence estimates between 1% and 18% have been reported. In the consensus…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…which collectively dictate the urgency and modality of intervention [3] . By Duration: Non sustained VT (NSVT): Defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…population (up to 90% of males aged 40 years or younger display this). Hence, the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern…

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