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Pericardiocentesis

…can be asymptomatic, while 150 mL collected over an hour causes tamponade. The indication rests on the clinical picture together with echocardiographic signs of tamponade…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

Cardiac tumors

…depend on the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…of asymptomatic women has not been shown to improve outcomes and is not part of the screening programme — screening consists of the smear, not of…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…damage. Conversely, a rapid rise in blood pressure from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…This difference informs the use of sex specific surveillance and repair thresholds. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Most AAAs are asymptomatic and are identified either during…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest has not demonstrated clear benefit…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…sufficiently high for targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is 14…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS…

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