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Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Cellular changes, ECG and symptoms

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always assess…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…substantially greater LDL C reductions than ezetimibe in statin intolerant populations. In symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, the international guideline identifies benefit from adding PCSK9 inhibition to…

Pericardiocentesis

…haemodynamics, not the volume of fluid. A litre that has accumulated slowly can be asymptomatic, while 150 mL collected over an hour causes tamponade. The…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

Cardiac tumors

…on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating other conditions. More dramatic onset of…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies that an asymptomatic rise in blood pressure must be treated urgently, which is not supported by evidence…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…thresholds. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Most AAAs are asymptomatic and are identified either during routine abdominal examination or incidentally on imaging performed for another indication…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…depends on the adequacy of cardiac output. Isolated sinus bradycardia that is unaccompanied by hypotension or ventricular ectopy is generally asymptomatic and hemodynamically stable. However…

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