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Pericardiocentesis

…haemodynamics, not the volume of fluid. A litre that has accumulated slowly can be asymptomatic, while 150 mL collected over an hour causes tamponade. The…

Quiz: ECG in athletes

…the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A: Mobitz Type II 2nd AV block…

Cardiac tumors

…on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating other conditions. More dramatic onset of…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of asymptomatic women has not been shown to…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies that an asymptomatic rise in blood…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…asymptomatic and are identified either during routine abdominal examination or incidentally on imaging performed for another indication. When palpable, an AAA may present as a…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Emergency medicine Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…sufficiently high for targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is 14…

In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…stented segment or at its margins. Angiographic restenosis has traditionally been described as a follow up diameter stenosis exceeding 50%, whereas clinical restenosis refers to…

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