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Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…without current symptoms, alternating bundle branch block in acute anterior infarction, and before drugs or procedures with a known risk of bradycardia. Transvenous pacing is…

🟠 Antiarrhythmic drugs in acute ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

…Monomorphic VT : VT with constant QRS morphology. Polymorphic VT : VT with beat to beat variations in QRS morphology. Bidirectional VT : VT with alternating QRS axis…

Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration)

…common (regardless of heart rate) among persons with heart disease. Alternating block (right and left bundle branch block alternating from one beat to another) is…

Antiarrhythmic drugs in ventricular tachyarrhythmias

…Monomorphic VT : VT with constant QRS morphology. Polymorphic VT : VT with beat to beat variations in QRS morphology. Bidirectional VT : VT with alternating QRS axis…

Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm)

…there is atrioventricular conduction, these rhythms typically compete which is seen on the ECG with sinus rhythm alternating with accelerated ventricular rhythm. As mentioned in…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…year . The injection is therefore a tool to make rehabilitation possible, not an alternative to it. See the separate guide to joint aspiration and injection…

Atrial Flutter: Mechanisms, ECG Recognition and Management

…exceeding 200 beats per minute. While ECG appearances with flutter like patterns are predominantly caused by macroreentrant circuits, microreentry remains a possible alternative mechanism. Conversely…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear time of onset, a late time window…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the local guideline and…

🟠 Inotropes and Vasopressors

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

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