…pulses. This is accomplished by using the same piezoelectric crystals to send and analyze sound waves. The crystals alternate rapidly between sending and analyzing ultrasound…

…therefore heterogeneous. Irreversibly scarred regions may alternate with viable segments that are dysfunctional because of repeated ischemic episodes or chronic reductions in perfusion. The amount…

…depression or dementia Mixed Alternates between hypoactivity and hyperactivity Common on repeated assessment over the day It is wrong to assume that hyperactive delirium is…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Eletrical alternans: an ECG sign of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade The pericardial space (cavity) always contains a small amount…

…year . The injection is therefore a tool to make rehabilitation possible, not an alternative to it. See the separate guide to joint aspiration and injection…

…beats per minute. While ECG appearances with flutter like patterns are predominantly caused by macroreentrant circuits, microreentry remains a possible alternative mechanism. Conversely, certain macroreentrant…

…in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase and is simpler to administer, since the whole…

…mg Lidocaine (alternative) 100 mg IV, a further 50 mg 1 mg/kg Magnesium 2 g (8 mmol) IV in torsades or hypomagnesaemia 25–50…

…despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography: Finding Comment : : Hypotension, distended neck…

…ischemia (high doses or extravasation) Dopamine high dose Cardiogenic shock Vasodilatory shock Heart failure (HF), acute Heart failure (HF), chronic Bradycardia (second line alternative) High…