…with an effect equivalent to sedation and fewer adverse effects Digital nerve block The standard in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or a combination…

…iv. Increase as necessary. Maximum dose: 5 mg iv every six hours. Adverse effects Severe hypotension. Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal artery stenosis, severe…

…egg), of which the maximum dose per 24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used…

…min. Maximum infusion dose: 300 μg/kg/min. Bolus doses of 300 μg/kg can be repeated during infusion. Adverse effects Flushing. Nausea…

…hour. Increase by 2.5 mg/hour every 20 min to desired blood pressure. Maximum infusion rate 25 mg/hour. Adverse effects Tachycardia. Flushing. Headache…

…patients on digoxin or verapamil, although this is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore…

…test dose without troublesome adverse effects, give a further 8 mg intravenously , slowly. Rapid injection increases the risk of nicotinic effects with paradoxically increasing weakness…

…examination should be available or performed urgently to evaluate ventricular and valvular function. Levosimendan drug is generally well tolerated. Severe adverse effects are less common…

…the adverse effects and the important precautions. A hypertensive emergency is defined by a markedly raised blood pressure in combination with new or progressive acute…

…Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by 2.5–15 mg IV every 3 to 6 hours. Adverse effects Vomiting. Dizziness…

…μg/min. Time to onset of action: 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action: 5 to 10 minutes. Adverse effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia …

…bleeding. Have high ischaemic risk. Do not have a high risk of major or life threatening bleeding. Extended treatment may also be considered in patie

…Long term efficacy data remain limited, and the possibility that chronic If channel blockade could increase sympathetic activity, with adverse remodelling or pro arrhythmic c

…Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure and renal replacement therapy: Dose as in normal renal function Adverse effects Excessive sedation…

…minutes to a total dose of 300 mg. Infusion regime : • 0.5–2 mg/minute IV infusion. Higher doses are sometimes required. Adverse effects Vomiting…

…The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should guide the choice of agent. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand…

…LDL cholesterol, partly by reducing LDL receptor availability. Tacrolimus appears to have less adverse effect on lipids. Sirolimus may cause particularly prominent triglyceride elevation, including…

…The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should guide the choice of agent. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand…

…Functional limitation and effect on activities of daily living. Workload or exertion required to provoke symptoms. Response to current antianginal therapy. Adverse effects that restrict…

…for mor than 10 minutes. Administer sodium thiosulfate (cyanide into thiocyanate) and terminate infusion of nitroprusside if cyanide toxicity is suspected. Adverse effects • Nausea. Vomiting…

…including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, plaque stability, thrombogenic responses and immune activity. Statin intolerance refers to adverse effects attributed to statin treatment…

…more recent analyses question whether this reflects true biological protection. Potentially favourable associations with myocardial infarction may coexist with adverse effects on stroke, heart failure…

…reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE), and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal…

…arrhythmogenesis through diabetic neuropathy and adverse metabolic effects, independently of coexisting CAD, previous myocardial infarction or HF. Nevertheless, the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac…

…digoxin treatment. Adverse effects of digoxin The incidence of adverse drug reactions is high, owing to the narrow therapeutic index of the drug. Digoxin is…

…coronary vasodilation. This selectivity minimizes activation of A1, A2B, and A3 receptors, which are associated with adverse effects such as bronchoconstriction and atrioventricular block. Adenosine…

…Drug Indications Dosing α1 β1 β2 D1/D2 Effect Adverse effects : : : : : : : : : : : : : Dopamine — low dose Rarely used 0.5–3.0 μg/kg/min + + + +++++ Low…

…are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in general. This is not surprising given the adverse effects of long periods of tachycardia and desynchronized atrial…

…the clinical situation and arrhythmia severity. Because of the drug's unusual pharmacokinetics, serious arrhythmia indications, and potential adverse effects, consideration should be given to…

…The drug also lowers hsCRP. In a population of individuals unable or unwilling to take statins, bempedoic acid 180 mg daily produced approximately 21% reductions…

…are the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a common finding in both healthy and diseased individuals…

…s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA…

…70–79 Avoid a systolic pressure < 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure < 70 mmHg on treatment — the benefit plateaus and adverse effects increase…

…minute Adverse effects Headache. Flushing. Tachycardia. Nausea. Hypokalemia. Increased intra ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Caution Used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or increased…

…increments of 0.1 mg. Adverse effects Tachycardia. Flushing. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Caution Rarely used unless patient has a confirmed diagnosis of pheochromocytoma Treatment of…

…their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS…

…during diastole. This causes adverse hemodynamic effects, and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart…

… and A reduction of at least 50% from baseline. In patients who experience a recurrent atherothrombotic or cardiovascular event within 2 years while receiving maximally…

…administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome. At the same time, serious adverse effects are…

…some patients. Adverse effects Tachycardia. Headache. Flushing. Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses…

…is largely independent of baseline HbA1c or the magnitude of HbA1c reduction. 7 Instead, these agents exert multifaceted effects through direct activation of receptors in…

…Depression and adverse environmental exposures are associated with continued or resumed smoking after the acute event and warrant particular attention. Cardiovascular benefits of cessation The…

…with plasma uric acid reduction of approximately 10% to 15% Possible effects on erythropoietin activity and erythropoiesis SGLT2 inhibition may also activate adenosine 5′ monophosphate…

…adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid…

…infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Mechanisms of action Colchicine Colchicine appears to exert several anti inflammatory effects relevant to coronary disease: Reduction of…

…than simply increasing the dose of a single drug. They may also permit lower doses of each component, potentially limiting adverse effects and facilitating adherence…

…during exertion or emotional stress. Neither procedure, however, reverses the underlying coronary atherosclerotic process. Their clinical effects therefore occur within the broader framework of guideline…

…These changes contribute to the complexity of defining an appropriate treatment target, particularly when a lower DBP, orthostatic hypotension, or impaired autonomic compensation limits tolerability…

…when pulmonary vascular obstruction is accompanied by limited cardiopulmonary reserve or other adverse comorbidity. The classification of acute PE comprises four clinically useful groups: High…

…dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated, nonreactive pupils…

…linked to adverse outcomes. Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Gradient (LVOTG) : LVOT obstruction is a risk factor for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden…

…anatomical complexity of CAD, particularly in patients with multivessel disease or left main coronary artery disease . It integrates multiple variables, including the number of lesions…

…patient should undergo PCI or CABG based on their risk profile. Predicting Outcomes : It predicts 10 year mortality and 5 year major adverse cardiac events …

…use of sex specific surveillance and repair thresholds. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Most AAAs are asymptomatic and are identified either during routine abdominal examination or…

…Atherosclerotic lesions commonly arise at sites of disturbed flow, including branch points in the epicardial coronary arteries. Early lesions may undergo positive or compensatory remodelling…

…haemodynamic consequences of the culprit lesion. Patients may present with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non ST elevation ACS (NSTE ACS), or ACS complicated…

…hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction…

…The examination may be used to: Establish the presence of ischaemia or scar. Quantify the extent of myocardial involvement. Estimate major adverse cardiovascular event risk…

…a fairly good estimate of the actual workload. The perceived exertion may be graded from 0 (none) to 10 (maximal exertion) or according to the…

…exercise Frailty or loss of muscle mass, particularly in older adults Patients require individualized progression because new symptoms during exercise may signal an adverse clinical…