…pericarditis containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Important distinction from subacute cardiac rupture A post AMI pericardial effusion is not automatically attributable to Dressler syndrome. A pericardial effusion…

…Draining the pericardium, therefore, takes precedence over compressions. For traumatic tamponades, thoracotomy remains the primary therapeutic intervention. Ideally, it should be performed within 15 minutes…

Echocardiography Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first…

…is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality…

…Williams classification (Table 1). Agents in bold text are commonly used to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification…

…2021; 385:516 525 Indications Severe left ventricular failure, acute or chronic. Severe biventricular failure, acute or chronic. Severe left ventricular failure post myocardial infar

…denotes treatment with aspirin plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction…

…the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However…

…URL). It is considered acute when there is a rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not establish MI, because…

…fibrillation ≤7 days duration. Post cardiac surgery: atrial fibrillation ≤3 days duration. Vernakalant does not convert atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is only administered…

…Thus, the presence of non obstructive epicardial arteries does not exclude a coronary cause of symptoms. CCS is a clinical syndrome rather than a permanently…

…grafting (CABG). Definition and Pathophysiology From balloon angioplasty to coronary stents Balloon angioplasty was initially limited by acute vessel closure and later restenosis. Coronary stents…

…of the pharmacological route used. In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the early post event period is particularly vulnerable, and delayed intensification of lipid…

…viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung cancer). Inflammatory…

…cases of fatal myocardial infarction were examined. The authors reported that 60–70% of all cases had no myocardial disease or acute coronary syndrome. Indeed…

…and blood flow has been restored. This assessment is performed daily in the catheterization laboratory in patients undergoing acute PCI. The PCI operator may use…

…amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing but the ankle brachial index before the first bandage is applied . Indications Venous leg…

…and is also applicable after acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, or cardiac surgery. The post infarction patient may experience: Reduced exercise tolerance Physical deconditioning…

…coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, association is not the same as causation . A cause is something completely different. It took roughly 50 years…

…especially when associated with chylomicronaemia, has a well established observational association with acute pancreatitis. No clinical trial has definitively established that pharmacological triglyceride reduction prevents…

…the treated segment. The clinical implications range from asymptomatic angiographic disease to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction, and repeat target…

…phenothiazine, phenytoin, carbamazepine), and various chemotherapeutic agents. In the acute setting, bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from reversible systemic insults, including hypovolemia, hypoxia…

…post infarction imaging. When embolization occurs, presentation depends on the vascular territory involved and may include systemic arterial embolic manifestations. The source material does not…

…Williams classification (Table 1). Agents in bold text are commonly used to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification…

…Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Post infarction (including Dressler syndrome) Uremia Radiation to the heart Trauma Tuberculousis Neoplasms (cancer) Post cardiac surgery (hemorrhagic…

…Acute Heart Failure and Early Post Discharge Management The STRONG HF trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating…

…particularly when aspirin is contraindicated, not tolerated, or when an individualized post PCI strategy favours P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy. Clopidogrel Clopidogrel 75 mg once daily is…

…clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides…

…wave inversions, without simultaneous ST segment deviation, indicate acute (ongoing) myocardial ischemia. T wave inversions without simultaneous ST segment deviation are not ischemic! However, T…

…Diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in…

…European guidelines. However, a concave ST segment does not rule out ischemia, it merely reduces the probability of ischemia as the underlying cause. Concave ST…

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…

…is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades. Furthermore, early revascularization in acute coronary syndromes (STEMI…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…a nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Over the past decade, the landscape of VT management has undergone a profound paradigm shift. Driven by…

…pneumococci cause acute endocarditis. Other microorganisms, generally, cause subacute endocarditis. Endocarditis can affect native (own) valves and valve prostheses. As always, foreign materials pose a…

…of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than it is used — not only in claudication, but before every compression treatment…

…patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based on symptoms, the ECG and haemodynamics. Do not wait…

…not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be…

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

…of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows…

…therefore not sufficient to exclude stroke [3]. Step 1: classify by time course and triggers Syndrome Typical course Common or important causes Targeted examination : : : : Acute…

…abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Acute chest and/or back pain is the predominant symptom of both IMH and PAU. PAU pain may…

…separate from MI. It refers to cardiac troponin release that does not fulfil the criteria for ischaemic myocardial infarction. It may be acute, when serial…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Posterior (posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the…

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

…experience. Studies have demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients with acute coronary occlusion (ACO) do not exhibit classic ST segment elevation on ECG, leading…

…will develop acute myocardial infarction, which is then classified as NSTEMI (Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction). Patients with NSTE ACS who do not develop infarction…

…or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)…

…which is not supported by evidence. The patient may need active treatment and prompt follow up, but not necessarily acute normalisation in the emergency department…

…infarction. IIa B Routine blood sampling for serum markers is indicated as soon as possible in the acute phase but should not delay reperfusion treatment…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the…

…receptor inhibitor. It is central to the prevention of platelet mediated coronary thrombosis after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin irreversibly…

…prospective study of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Thus, an individual plaque’s morphology does not reliably establish that it will cause an acute event…

…available ECG criteria for acute myocardial infarction and ischemia are based on conventional 12 lead ECG. Established ECG criteria do not apply to mathematicallyderived 12…