…Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma…

…serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic patient is by contrast not…

…an acute or subacute worsening of dyspnoea, cough and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation and requires a change of treatment…

…early in severe, progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the…

…plugging. Expiratory flow limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension…

…suggest aortic dissection CT of the brain Exclude intracerebral haemorrhage and assess early ischaemic changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

…Symptom onset in PAU may indicate lesion expansion and involvement of the adventitia, requiring urgent imaging because of the risk of rupture. Type A IMH…

…cardiomyocyte necrosis occurring in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is diagnosed according to the fourth universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…