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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…most common risk factor for PH. It produces postcapillary PH through elevation of left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure. In some patients, chronic postcapillary pr

Aortic regurgitation

…in turn results in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema. Table 1. Causes of aortic regurgitation Bicuspid aortic valve Rheumatic heart disease Calcified aortic valves Idiopathic…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…pulmonary embolism and ischemia may also cause electrical alternans. PQ segment depression. Sinus tachycardia. Refer to Figure 1 . Figure 1. Electrical alternans in patient with…

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

…Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is frequently diagnosed when ischemic, valvular, and hypertensive causes are excluded. However, advances in molecular diagnostics reveal that up to 30…

Mitral regurgitation

…the aorta. Thus, acute regurgitation results in a sudden increase in preload, which the ventricle counteracts by increasing heart rate and stroke volume (Preload, Afterload…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but is more frequent when…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…warrants acute intervention and long term secondary prevention strategies. By Morphology: Monomorphic VT (MMVT): Characterized by a uniform QRS morphology from beat to beat in…

Lumbar puncture

…tau). Measurement of the opening pressure in suspected idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Therapeutic drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical…

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

…greatest advances in cardiology. Until 1961, patients with acute myocardial infarction were placed in beds located far away from physicians' and nurses' stations in order…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Overview Acute coronary syndrome comprises STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable…

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