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Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…on circulating thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors. Plaque erosion Plaque erosion is increasingly recognized and is present in at least one third of acute coronary syndromes…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation), coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without intramural haematoma. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing Relative contraindications Known obstructive left main coronary…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic blood interact to initiate and extend thrombosis…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…risk of circulatory collapse. Decompensated heart failure – due to the risk of circulatory collapse and arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism in acute phase – due to risk of…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…Thrombolysis in stroke has its own thresholds in the patient on anticoagulants; see the acute stroke quick reference. Stopping the drug and forgetting to restart…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative: Condition Comment : : Left…

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