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Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the atrial fibrillation doses and include an initial high dose phase. Follow FASS (the Swedish medicines compendium) and…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…risk of circulatory collapse. Decompensated heart failure – due to the risk of circulatory collapse and arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism in acute phase – due to risk of…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…on circulating thrombotic and fibrinolytic factors. Plaque erosion Plaque erosion is increasingly recognized and is present in at least one third of acute coronary syndromes…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation), coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without intramural haematoma. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…heart failure Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…in pulmonary embolism is up to 20%, and roughly 30% of patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis experience a second thrombotic event within…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic blood interact to initiate and extend thrombosis…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…Decompensated heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely…

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