…or visceral, adipose tissue is more closely related to insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than total adiposity alone. The waist…

…mg once daily. Rationale: Patients in this age group have higher bleeding risk and increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel. Patients weighing <…

…help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are to…

…clinical state during treatment with an angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor. Clinical Applications Natriuretic peptides have three principal roles: Supporting or excluding the diagnosis of HF…

…Intubation is reasonable in: a reduced level of consciousness with inadequate protective reflexes active major haematemesis severe agitation respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged…

…55 day range). Because of this prolonged terminal half life, achieving steady state concentration without a loading dose takes approximately 265 days. Interpatient variability mandates…

…resistance increases, making it more difficult to eject blood into the aorta. In the early stages of aortic stenosis, stroke volume becomes smaller. Reduced stroke…

…household tasks, active commuting and recreational activities. Exercise is a more structured form of physical activity undertaken to maintain or improve physical fitness. Regular physical…

…Thrombocytopenia. Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction…

…Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC…

…hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat is the active metabolite (ester) of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalaprilat lowers…

…alter the local vascular environment. The extracellular matrix is an active component of lesion development rather than merely a structural scaffold. Smooth muscle cells and…

…sum of all active electrical wavefronts at any given point in time, approximated as a single heart vector [3]. The orientation and intensity of this…

…during active compressions is challenging; however, subcostal windows might be feasible, particularly during brief pauses. An enlargement of the right ventricle is suggestive of pulmonary…

…begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes of first medical contact, attach continuous rhythm monitoring…

…which is not supported by evidence. The patient may need active treatment and prompt follow up, but not necessarily acute normalisation in the emergency department…

…and in renal failure Morphine PO 5–10 mg as needed The active metabolite accumulates in renal failure Oxycodone IV 2.5–5 mg Oxycodone…

…The Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis 3 Pulmonary embolism is the most likely diagnosis 3 Heart rate…

…report. A shave biopsy of a pigmented lesion that turns out to be a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible…

…Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also include dementia, marked hearing loss and an inability to understand the instructions — spirometry requires active cooperation…

…current ERC and ESICM recommendation is continuous core temperature measurement and the active prevention of fever — defined as a temperature above about 37.7–37…

…of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of…

Cardiology Critical care Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology In the management of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, intravenous vasoactive agents are categorised according to…

…antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers defibrillation thresholds and improves success, and maximum fixed energy shocks outperform low…

…arrhythmias. Pharmacologic stress agents have specific contraindications: Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Regadenoson : Should be avoided in patients with active bronchospasm, severe hypotension, or high degree AV block…

…These cells are capable of spontaneous depolarization (i.e they display automaticity) and can therefore act as latent pacemakers (which become active when atrial impulses…

…filling (rapid passive filling) Passive emptying of the left atrium Diastasis No ventricular filling Atrial contraction Active emptying (contraction) of the left atrium Figure 2…

…on a donor card, or through statements made to the next of kin. Active malignancy with a risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour…

…dialysis patient with a plasma potassium of 6.6 mmol/L and an unchanged ECG. Both, however, need rapid assessment and an active treatment plan…

…morphine Morphine has an active renally excreted metabolite that causes late sedation and respiratory depression Marked liver failure A reduced dose of all of them…

…capillary refill and pulse, and active movement of every tendon crossing the wound. A tendon injury can be painless and gives normal passive movement — test…

…hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat is the active metabolite (ester) of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalaprilat lowers…

…rate and tachycardia Respiratory rate and oxygenation Evidence of systemic congestion or acute RV failure Syncope or altered clinical status Comorbid cardiopulmonary disease, active cancer…

…of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Smoking and insulin resistance are associated with both RA and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia may be difficult to interpret during active…

…syndrome, stress testing may be considered after at least 24 hours of stabilization, provided that active ischaemia and haemodynamic or electrical instability are absent. A…

…Pacemaker lead. Lead fixation to the myocardium may be active , meaning that the cathode consists of a screw that is inserted into the myocardium, or…

…hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat is the active metabolite (ester) of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalaprilat lowers…

…elicits an active inflammation within the artery wall and lipids (particularly LDL cholesterol) plays a key role. As the inflammation and deposition of lipids progress…

…further reducing myocardial workload. 1 The pharmacokinetic profile of levosimendan is modulated by the presence of an active metabolite, which exerts sustained hemodynamic effects for…