…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…a bloodless field and a longer duration. The old rule that adrenaline is forbidden on fingers, toes, nose, ears and penis has been abandoned in…

…an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline for the block (adrenaline is safe in fingers and toes according to modern data, but there…

…10]. Refractory atrial arrhythmias resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs or repeated ablation procedures should raise suspicion, especially in patients in their mid 60s or older [10…

…such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation Critical illness Defibrillator shocks Strenuous exercise Cardiac contusion The diagnosis should therefore distinguish…

…However, the context indicates that if pharmacological therapy is inadequate, escalation to catheter ablation or mechanical circulatory support remains a viable therapeutic pathway [4]. Furthermore…

…EPS), and the transition from a purely device based management strategy (implantable cardioverter defibrillators) to one that incorporates pharmacological and interventional (substrate ablation) therapies [5] …

…trials, the field has transitioned from a predominantly pharmacological strategy to one that heavily integrates early catheter ablation and sophisticated device therapy [1] [2] . This…

…well recognized pattern can be significantly altered when atrial activation is modified by cardiac surgery involving atrial tissue, extensive prior radiofrequency ablation, advanced atrial disease…

…III antiarrhythmic agents may be considered. Catheter ablation should be considered in patients with a high risk of recurrence. Electrical cardioversion is generally ineffective in…