…reduced level of consciousness Gastric lavage Corrosive injury or suspected oesophageal perforation Gastric lavage Petroleum products Gastric lavage Oesophageal varices, coagulopathy, recent oesophageal or gastric…

…with a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown nail, severe or recurrent Partial nail avulsion, often with chemical matrix ablation A nail spicule…

…needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation…

…complementary to that of statins. Statins reduce hepatic cholesterol synthesis, whereas ezetimibe limits intestinal cholesterol uptake. Expected LDL C reduction Ezetimibe produces a modest LDL…

…of transthyretin, a protein produced primarily in the liver [10]. ATTR is subclassified based on the TTR gene sequence on chromosome 18 [19]: Variant or…

…typical circuits occurring in diseased atria—most frequently following surgery or extensive ablation, or under the influence of antiarrhythmic drugs—can produce atypical ECG patterns…

…ventilation–perfusion matching, increased physiological dead space and the Haldane effect. It is therefore misleading to explain the whole phenomenon as abolition of the patie

…4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1 MI because they represent coronary atherothrombotic events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis…

…Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) & Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) CFR: ratio of hyperemic to resting coronary flow/velocity (Doppler or thermodilution wire) — reflects combined epicardial…

…facilitates ECG interpretation (e.g. interpretation of myocardial ischemia and electrical axis). All modern ECG machines can present either aVR or –aVR; we recommend that …

…CKD), facilitating early intervention and management. Standardization: Its widespread adoption has led to standardized reporting of eGFR in clinical laboratories, enhancing consistency in patient care…

…Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI) versus Non Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (NOMI). This method focuses on the presence or absence of ACO, rather than rigid ECG thresholds…

…that incorporates pharmacological and interventional (substrate ablation) therapies [5] . This review synthesizes the current evidence base, emphasizing the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines…

…collectively dictate the urgency and modality of intervention [3] . By Duration: Non sustained VT (NSVT): Defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a…

…aggregation (via Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa cross linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or…

…However, the context indicates that if pharmacological therapy is inadequate, escalation to catheter ablation or mechanical circulatory support remains a viable therapeutic pathway [4]. Furthermore…

…Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before…

…statin absorption, hepatic uptake and disposition. Clinical presentation and symptoms Typical SAMS consists of: Symmetric muscle pain Muscle aching or soreness Weakness, often perceived or…

…imbalance Hypercalcemia Definition : P/S Ca 2+ 2.6 mmol/L In approximately 90% of cases, hypercalcemia is attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism or neoplastic etiologies…

…Hypocalcemia Causes of hypocalcemia Acute pancreatitis, pancreas surgery, alkalosis (hyperventilation), rhabdomyolysis, septicemia (sepsis), osteolytic cancer metastases, abnormal calcium absorption (gastrointestinal) and resorption (from primary urine…

…use of Class IA, IC, or III antiarrhythmic agents may be considered. Catheter ablation should be considered in patients with a high risk of recurrence…

…have good absorption and are best given orally when gut function is intact. Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal…