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Paracentesis

…or catheterise, before puncture Pregnancy, previous extensive abdominal surgery Ultrasound guidance; choose a new site if in doubt Cellulitis over the insertion site Change the…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third trimester Weightlifting Cocaine use Deceleration injury Systemic hypertension coexists in approximately 70% of patients with aortic dissection…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…chiefly to adults with neutropenia related to cancer treatment. Children, pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…hypotension and abdominal tenderness. Leakage or rupture is life threatening and requires emergency operation or endovascular repair. AAA may also be associated with mesenteric ischemia…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…alone. The waist circumference associated with risk varies among populations, reflecting differences in fat distribution and ethnicity. Abdominal obesity is a major driving force. Visceral…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…cases of upper abdominal pain. An ECG recording costs approximately $10 (10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in patients with acute coronary syndromes…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome…

Anthropometric measurements

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown origin or suspected granulomatous disease with marrow involvement. Work up of unexplained iron…

Nasogastric tube

…the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in the airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first…

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