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Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…better maintenance of sinus rhythm in cohort studies. Obesity, reduced exercise capacity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia commonly coexist and should be considered part of the clinical…

Nasogastric tube

…a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to…

Sudden cardiac arrest: Case 8

…ECG 2. The initial part shows QRS complexes with similar morphology as ECG 1, likely presenting a supraventricular rhythm. Three short bursts of ventricular tachycardia…

The electrical axis of the heart (ECG axis)

…Figure 2. The direction of the QRS complex. Axis deviation: right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement is therefore always part of the initial stroke assessment [1]. Treat immediately when there are symptoms…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Urinary alkalinisation

…much bicarbonate is given. Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

…2. Zoghbi, William A.; Adams, David; Bonow, Robert O.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A. et al. (2017): Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of…

A Novel Familial Cardiac Arrhythmia Syndrome Identified Using ECG

…segment depression in the inverted lead aVR). A notch is evident in the ascending part of the ST segment. A male patient (Figure 1) presented…

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