Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Congestion is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with…

…a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves…

…breathing and circulation. 2. Assess the neurological symptoms and at the same time exclude other acute causes, for example hypoglycaemia, poisoning, stroke, meningitis and a…

…dizziness attributable to a wax plug. The tympanic membrane cannot be inspected and the examination is needed for the diagnosis. Before audiometry or the fitting…

…and the concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed. Nephrotoxic injury may involve the tubules, interstitium, renal vasculature or collecting system…

…The biologically active natriuretic peptides promote vasodilation, renal sodium and water excretion, and reduction of cardiac fibrosis through activation of the natriuretic peptide A receptor…

…a distinct disease. It identifies patients whose blood pressure remains uncontrolled despite intensive antihypertensive treatment and who therefore require assessment for pseudo resistance, secondary hypertension…

…ATPase pump. It undergoes redistribution, making it suitable for assessing viability and hibernating myocardium, at the expense of higher radiation exposure and blurrier images. The…

…obese patients. Lean body weight is used for propofol and rocuronium; actual weight for suxamethonium and for hydrophilic drugs distributed in total body water. Body…

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…