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Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea, dizziness, and neurological deficits. Neurological involvement Hypertensive encephalopathy may present with somnolence, lethargy, tonic–clonic seizures, cortical blindness, and…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision. Cardiac toxicity presents as various arrhythmias, ranging from bradycardias related to…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and…

Preeclampsia and Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders as Future Cardiovascular Risk

…hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg Headache that does not respond to medication Visual disturbance Persistent severe epigastric pain Pulmonary oedema Thrombocytopenia, with…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…in the evening and at night, but diurnal variation is not a diagnostic requirement. Hallucinations, usually visual, disturbed sleep rhythm, anxiety, fear and delusions are…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…brain can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion focal neurological signs drowsiness or unconsciousness seizures coma The symptom threshold…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation : : : CNS Confusion, reduced consciousness, visual disturbance, foca

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…and the risk of future plaque rupture. Anatomical severity versus functional significance The physiological effect of a coronary lesion depends on more than its visual…

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