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🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

…2015): Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea and anterior chamber. Note the pupil size, shape and reaction to light. A teardrop shaped or peaked pupil suggests perforation. Look…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…its visual diameter reduction. Relevant determinants include: Lesion eccentricity Vessel tortuosity Calcification Plaque rupture or asymmetric filling defects Serial lesions Vessel size The relationship of…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…reserve (FFR), have been validated against outcomes and shown to outperform visual angiographic guidance in selecting lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Non hyperemic pressure…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…of myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a non invasive technique for detecting and quantifying coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…nausea and vomiting 8 to 24 hours Alcoholic hallucinosis, often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…and the relationship between diameter stenosis and haemodynamic significance is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…forms part of shared clinical decision making. Pathophysiological and Diagnostic Considerations Angiographic severity and physiological severity do not always correspond. Visual estimation of luminal narrowing…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…the patient to recite the months of the year backwards. A normal result does not exclude delirium, however, and an abnormal result is not specific…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…specifically about: Neurological symptoms: confusion, visual loss, focal neurological signs, seizures, severe or sudden headache. Chest pain, back pain, dyspnoea, orthopnoea and new sweating. Oliguria…

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