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Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…reserve (FFR), have been validated against outcomes and shown to outperform visual angiographic guidance in selecting lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Non hyperemic pressure…

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…Tono Pen). Procedure Systematic examination 1. Visual acuity in each eye separately , with the patient's usual glasses and then through a pinhole. This is…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

…with functional assessment. A central practical principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…nausea and vomiting 8 to 24 hours Alcoholic hallucinosis, often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may not produce ischaemia. Conversely, some lesions…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…do not always correspond. Visual estimation of luminal narrowing may therefore be insufficient when deciding whether an intermediate lesion should be revascularized. Coronary pressure assessment…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…the evening and at night, but diurnal variation is not a diagnostic requirement. Hallucinations, usually visual, disturbed sleep rhythm, anxiety, fear and delusions are common…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…and predict future hypertension and cardiovascular risk [3]. Questions that rapidly change management Ask specifically about: Neurological symptoms: confusion, visual loss, focal neurological signs, seizures…

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