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Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…usually visual, disturbed sleep rhythm, anxiety, fear and delusions are common but not obligatory. Psychomotor subtypes Subtype Typical picture Clinical significance : : : Hyperactive Agitation, motor restlessness…

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…the conjunctival sac before anything else is done. Preparation and equipment A visual acuity chart and a pinhole. A slit lamp with a cobalt blue…

Coronary Anatomy and Segmental Classification for the Clinician

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Clinical assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires integration of symptoms, cardiovascular risk, coronary anatomy, myocardial ischaemia, ventricular function…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…reserve (FFR), have been validated against outcomes and shown to outperform visual angiographic guidance in selecting lesions for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Non hyperemic pressure…

Principles of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET), coronary blood flow and flow reserve (CFR)

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may not produce ischaemia. Conversely, some lesions…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…The choice of drug, the target pressure and the rate of treatment are determined by the affected organ function, not by the blood pressure figure…

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