…usually visual, disturbed sleep rhythm, anxiety, fear and delusions are common but not obligatory. Psychomotor subtypes Subtype Typical picture Clinical significance : : : Hyperactive Agitation, motor restlessness…

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

…the conjunctival sac before anything else is done. Preparation and equipment A visual acuity chart and a pinhole. A slit lamp with a cobalt blue…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Introduction Clinical assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) requires integration of symptoms, cardiovascular risk, coronary anatomy, myocardial ischaemia, ventricular function…

…the hemodynamic significance of a coronary lesion, with anatomic and functional assessment discordant in a substantial minority of intermediate lesions. Over the past three decades…

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

…nausea and vomiting 8 to 24 hours Alcoholic hallucinosis, often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation…

…is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may not produce ischaemia. Conversely, some lesions…

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

…not necessarily acute normalisation in the emergency department [1,3]. Step 1: confirm the blood pressure and stabilise the patient Immediate assessment 1. Assess airway…

…aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement is therefore always part of the initial stroke assessment [1]. Treat immediately when there are symptoms…

…incidentally identified on a chest CT performed for another indication can also contribute to risk assessment. Visual reporting of coronary calcification using four categories—none…

…vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision. Cardiac toxicity presents as various arrhythmias, ranging from bradycardias related to…

…cause harm without prognostic benefit Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms depend on the organ system involved. Possible manifestations include headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea…

…hypertension, defined as blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg Headache that does not respond to medication Visual disturbance Persistent severe epigastric pain Pulmonary oedema Thrombocytopenia, with…

…stenosis includes visual and 2D imaging, as well as Doppler measurements to assess the degree of stenosis and evaluation of complications. Visual assessment in 2D…