…where urinary leakage prevents healing. Voiding problems in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, in the first instance with clean intermittent self catheterisation rather than an indwelling catheter…

…equipment for arterial sampling. Urinary catheter with hourly urine output measurement — the treatment cannot be guided without reliable measurement of urine output. Baseline tests: blood…

…and equipment Continuous core temperature measurement. An oesophageal probe or a urinary catheter with a temperature sensor are the first choice; rectal or intravascular measurement…

…1.73 m², excess urinary albumin excretion—typically a spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) above 30 mg/g—or both. The eGFR is…

…urine dipstick and, where the cause is unclear or a renal cause is suspected, urine microscopy and urinary albumin or protein. 6. Perform an ECG…

…frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition…

…EMG about 95 %). Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to edrophonium. Mechanical obstruction of the bowel or the urinary tract. Marked bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome or high grade…

…cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain, anxiety, urinary retention, hypoxia, drug withdrawal and incorrect blood pressure measurement must be corrected before treatment is intensified [1,2]. The evidence…

…maternal organ involvement. Proteinuria is defined as urinary protein excretion 300 mg over 24 hours or a protein–creatinine ratio ≥0.3. Preeclampsia may nevertheless…

…course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary tract infection…