…Scars, hernia or visible abdominal wall collaterals (caput medusae) Puncture at least a few centimetres away from them Full bladder Have the patient void, or…

…drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an altered breathing pattern…

…likelihood of clinically significant EMI is generally low, particularly with bipolar electrocautery performed away from the device and with monopolar electrocautery below the umbilicus. Nevertheless…

…palpable in the mid abdominal region, with its bifurcation usually located near the umbilicus and the fourth lumbar vertebral level. Physical examination can identify a…

…and neck. The pain may radiate as high as the occipital area but does not radiate below the umbilicus. It is often accompanied by sweating…

…neck or lower jaw. Discomfort may extend superiorly as far as the occipital region but typically does not radiate below the umbilicus. Epigastric or subxiphoid…

…For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus, the uterus should be manually displaced to the…