…which involves the arch without involvement of the ascending aorta or represents retrograde extension from the descending aorta into the arch that stops before reaching…

…subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion…

…compression treatment of a leg ulcer and as a risk marker in diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. An ABI ≤ 0.90 is diagnostic of peripheral…

…are there signs of ongoing major bleeding? 2. Is there cirrhosis, or another strong suspicion of portal hypertension? Variceal and ulcer bleeding are managed differently…

…signs of infection — all chronic wounds are colonised, and a culture taken without clinical suspicion leads only to unnecessary antibiotics. 5. Biopsy any ulcer that…

…or with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding Refeeding syndrome There is a risk in starvation, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, or more than 5 days without nutrition…

…surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, or active peptic ulcer). Patients weighing < 60 kg (maintenance dose of 5 mg recommended instead of 10 mg). Patients receiving medications…

…in renal failure, heart failure, a history of peptic ulcer, and old age Titrate according to the effect and the respiratory rate, not to a…

…evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of ulcer, not…

…Thrombocytopenia. Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction…

…and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking or a slow gait without describing classic claudication…