Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

…subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion…

…compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age…

…10 With impaired consciousness, an inability to protect the airway, or ongoing major haematemesis: early anaesthetic assessment before endoscopy Assess the severity of the bleeding…

…previous ulcers, DVT, varicose veins, claudication, diabetes, smoking, character of the pain. 2. Measure and trace the ulcer; photograph it with a ruler in the…

…unless contraindicated Head of the bed 30–45° Stress ulcer prophylaxis During mechanical ventilation, in coagulopathy, or with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding Refeeding syndrome…

…aged ≥ 75 years. Patients with a tendency to bleed (e.g., due to recent trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, or active peptic ulcer). Patients weighing <…

…in renal failure, heart failure, a history of peptic ulcer, and old age Titrate according to the effect and the respiratory rate, not to a…

…therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of ulcer, not routinely Infection Consider Pneumocystis prophylaxis with high doses…

…the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome) have been rarely reported with acetylsalicylic acid…

…threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Clinical presentation and symptoms Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking…