…clear reduction or the last intake Common clinical picture : : 4 to 12 hours Tremor, sweating, anxiety, insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, nausea and vomiting 8 to…

…Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial loading dose: 300–500 mg as soon…

…debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2] . The process initiates with endothelial dysfunction, a…

…60 minutes after ingestion. Elimination follows zero order kinetics at low to moderate concentrations and first order kinetics at higher concentrations. Ethanol is water soluble…

…complicated topic. The term ischemia was coined in 1858 by Virchow (the same Virchow who unraveled thrombosis). He used te term to describe a reduction…

…acute organ injury is decisive. The pathophysiology reflects failure of vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury…

…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

…not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can…

…control centre is the authoritative local source for the current indication, dosing, sampling and duration of treatment. International guidelines must be adapted to the antidotes…

…a plateau is reached. The manoeuvre ends when the volume increases by less than 0.025 L during the last second , or when the expiratory…

…The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood flow and the concentration of filtered substances along the nephron as water…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…where rapid boluses risk hemodynamic instability or transiently toxic concentrations, adenosine requires a rapidly delivered bolus to achieve sufficiently high concentrations at its clinical site…

…chains [8, 19]. Light chains are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis…

…Data from the TRED HF trial demonstrated that withdrawal of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) in these patients leads to a high rate of relapse…

…lactate, acidosis, hypertension and tachycardia are common during a generalised seizure. In prolonged status the initial sympathetic response can give way to hypotension, hypoxia, hypoglycaemia…

…Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence…

…by irregular (polymorphic) QRS complexes that appear to twist around the isoelectric baseline. The risk of ventricular fibrillation is very high during torsade de pointes …

…accelerated transmission of atrial impulses to the ventricles and thus ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest. High degree AV block (second degree Mobitz type 2 AV…

…ventricular fibrillation remain elusive. This is a rather complex topic that is only of relevance to researchers in electrophysiology and arrhythmology. Regarding the risk of…

…the QRS complexes are wide there is a risk of distal block which may progress to more advanced block (second or third degree AV block)…

…during systole showing apical ballooning akinesis with basal hyperkinesis in a characteristic takotsubo ventricle. Studies from the US and Japan has estimated that up to…