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🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome) have been rarely reported with acetylsalicylic acid. Discontinue acetylsalicylic acid at the first…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…monitoring. Fluid where hypovolaemia is likely, but avoid repeated blind boluses in cardiogenic toxic shock D Plasma glucose immediately. Assess the level of consciousness, the…

Spirometry

…systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic drugs. Contraindications Forced expiration raises the pressure in the thorax, the…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…hearing, cardiac examination, ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…as a rapid intravenous bolus. Unlike many other intravenous medications where rapid boluses risk hemodynamic instability or transiently toxic concentrations, adenosine requires a rapidly delivered…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical channelopathies Oxidative stress Cellular apoptosis and necrosis Progressive structural remodelling…

Cardiac amyloidosis

…chains [8, 19]. Light chains are directly toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis…

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