…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…AV nodal refractoriness. Its electrophysiologic effects on the His Purkinje system and ventricular muscle are minimal, except in cases of toxic concentrations. In most patients…

…urticaria with NSAIDs). Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS syndrome)…

…non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors…

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

…dose , titrated against clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium…

…AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which…

…from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high…

…topic/longt qt syndrome interval lqts torsades de pointes/Related article. References Luo, S., Michler, K., Johnston, P., & Macfarlane, P. W. (2004). A comparison of…

…Seitelberger R, Ross J Jr. Mechanism of beneficial ef fect of beta adrenergic blockade on exercise induced myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 1987…

…the patient of any attire possibly contaminated with the toxicant. Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage…

…with the poison control centre. Gastric lavage is considered only after a life threatening ingestion of a highly toxic substance, where the patient arrives within…

…a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and a blood gas…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…toxic to cardiomyocytes, inducing the elaboration of high levels of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponin [19]. ATTR Amyloidosis: This form arises from the misfolding of…

…vessel lumen by a fibrous cap. The LRNC is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic macrophage debris…

…of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic…

…tonic–clonic seizures, cortical blindness, and, in advanced cases, loss of consciousness. Focal neurological findings are uncommon in hypertensive encephalopathy and should prompt consideration of…

…repolarization pattern and the risk of ventricular fibrillation remain elusive. This is a rather complex topic that is only of relevance to researchers in electrophysiology…

…Treatment of first degree AV block Refer to Management of Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks https://ecgwaves.com/topic/av block 1 2 3 treatment management ecg…

…with the degree of left ventricular impairment. Pathophysiology of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) This topic is still under investigation. A number of plausible mechanisms…