…treatment effect and of disease progression. Assessment of pulmonary involvement in systemic disease, for example rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, and during treatment with pulmonary toxic…

…emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon suspicion of poisoning. Decontamination Disrobe…

…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

…antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Use with caution in patients on low dose acetylsalicylic acid for cardioprotection. Pharmacokinetic interactions Methotrexate: NSAIDs inhibit tubular secretion of…

…patients with non ischemic HFrEF. Toxic and infiltrative causes are increasingly recognized. The burgeoning field of cardio oncology has highlighted the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines…

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

…is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT…

…or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation 12 to 48 hours Withdrawal seizures, usually generalised tonic clonic and sometimes…

…AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which…

…from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high…

…topic/longt qt syndrome interval lqts torsades de pointes/Related article. References Luo, S., Michler, K., Johnston, P., & Macfarlane, P. W. (2004). A comparison of…

…Seitelberger R, Ross J Jr. Mechanism of beneficial ef fect of beta adrenergic blockade on exercise induced myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. Circ Res. 1987…

…The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your national or regional…

…Assess ventilation, airway protection, the expected course and the possibility of rapid reversal with an antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

…antihypertensives, should prompt clinical suspicion [1]. Cardiac Signs and Symptoms Patients often present with symptoms of predominant right heart failure, including lower extremity edema, ascites…

…vessel lumen by a fibrous cap. The LRNC is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic macrophage debris…

…cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine, aspiration…

…neurological deficits. Neurological involvement Hypertensive encephalopathy may present with somnolence, lethargy, tonic–clonic seizures, cortical blindness, and, in advanced cases, loss of consciousness. Focal neurological…

…al it was reported that early repolarization was associated with 3–5 times as great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest…

…risk of distal block which may progress to more advanced block (second or third degree AV block). A pacemaker is often necessary in individuals with…

…par with the degree of left ventricular impairment. Pathophysiology of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) This topic is still under investigation. A number of plausible…